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What are the four major Islamic caliphates?
The first four caliphs of the Islamic empire – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali are referred to as Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs (632-661 CE) by mainstream Sunni Muslims.
What was the most powerful caliphate?
Rashidun Caliphate
The war led to the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate in 661 under Muawiyah….Rashidun Caliphate.
Rashidun Caliphate الخلافة الراشدة | |
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632–661 | |
The Rashidun Caliphate reached its greatest extent under Caliph Uthman, in 654. | |
Capital | Medina (632–656) Kufa (656–661) |
Common languages | Classical Arabic |
Who was the Rashidun Caliphate?
Omar
AliUthmanAbu Bakr
Rashidun/Past holders
Rashidun, (Arabic: “Rightly Guided,” or “Perfect”), the first four caliphs of the Islamic community, known in Muslim history as the orthodox or patriarchal caliphs: Abū Bakr (reigned 632–634), ʿUmar (reigned 634–644), ʿUthmān (reigned 644–656), and ʿAlī (reigned 656–661).
Who was the rashidun caliphate?
When was the Umayyad Caliphate?
661
Umayyad dynasty, also spelled Omayyad, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750 ce), sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom (reflecting traditional Muslim disapproval of the secular nature of the Umayyad state).
Did the Ottomans conquer the Abbasid empire?
The Mamluks ran the government and the armies, while the Abbasids had authority over the Islam religion. Together they ruled the Caliphate from Cairo until 1517 when they were conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The sacking of Baghdad in 1258 is considered to be the end of the Islamic Caliphate by many historians.
Who were the other caliphs of the Abbasid Empire?
During the Abbasid Caliphate there were other Caliphs who also laid claim to the Caliphate including the Fatimid Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba, and the Almohad Caliphate. The position of caliph became hereditary during the Umayyad Caliphate, making it the first Islamic dynasty.
What was the role of the caliph in the Umayyad Caliphate?
The position of caliph became hereditary during the Umayyad Caliphate, making it the first Islamic dynasty. The term “caliph” is the English version of the Arabic word “khalifah.” One of the responsibilities of the Caliph was to protect the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
Who was the 3rd Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate?
The third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), was also a member of the Umayyad clan. The family established dynastic, hereditary rule with Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of al-Sham (Greater Syria), who became the sixth caliph after the end of the First Fitna in 661.
What was the difference between Shia and Sunni caliphs?
The Shia believed that the Caliph should be a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, while the Sunni thought that the Caliph should be elected. During the Abbasid Caliphate there were other Caliphs who also laid claim to the Caliphate including the Fatimid Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba, and the Almohad Caliphate.