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What did Ataturk do to modernize?
The leading legal reforms instituted included a secular constitution (laïcité) with the complete separation of government and religious affairs, the replacement of Islamic courts and Islamic canon law with a secular civil code based on the Swiss Civil Code, and a penal code based on that of Italy (1924–37).
What was his position in the army when the legislative assembly appointed Kemal Pasha as president?
On 5 August 1921, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to be the Commander in chief of the forces.
Why did Turkey change its alphabet?
A move away from the Arabic script was strongly opposed by conservative and religious elements. It was argued that Romanization of the script would detach Turkey from the wider Islamic world, substituting a foreign (European) concept of national identity for the confessional community.
What did Ataturk hope to achieve quizlet?
Ataturk’s aim was to modernize and Westernize Turkey and he believed that this would be done best with a reduced presence of Islam in daily lives. After Turkey turned into a Republic, the Grand National Assembly removed all Islam laws, and replaced all Islam courts with civil courts.
What Ataturk said about Anzacs?
“Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives… you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace.
Who is known as Ataturk?
Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 …
How did Ataturk died?
Cirrhosis of the liver
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk/Cause of death
Who is Kemal Ataturk and what did he do?
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey’s partition among the victorious Allied powers.
What did Ataturk do for Turkey?
Atatürk served as the country’s first president from 1923 to 1938. He oversaw the passage of numerous reforms that were responsible for transforming Turkey into a modern nation-state. Known For: Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist who founded the Republic of Turkey.
Did Ataturk have a wife and children?
On November 10, 1938, Atatürk, who never had any children, died in his bedroom at the Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul. He was replaced by İsmet İnönü, prime minister during most of Atatürk’s rule, who continued his policies of secularization and westernization.
What happened to the Caliphate in the Ottoman Empire?
The caliphate was abolished on March 3, 1924 (since the early 16th century, the Ottoman sultans had laid claim to the title of caliph of the Muslims); the religious schools were dismantled at the same time. Abolition of the religious courts followed on April 8.
When did Turkey gain independence from the Ottoman Empire?
A new peace treaty was then signed in July 1923 that recognized an independent Turkish state. That October, the Grand National Assembly proclaimed the Republic of Turkey and elected Mustafa Kemal as its first president.