Table of Contents
What are the types of isomerism in monosaccharides?
Glucose has an aldehyde group (-CHO) on carbon atom number one and is therefore called an “aldose,” also it has six carbon atoms (a hexose) so it can be called an “aldohexose.” The reactive group on fructose, however, is a ketone group (-C=0) on carbon number two. It is therefore called a “ketose” or a “ketohexose.”
What are the stereoisomers of a monosaccharide?
Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of carbon atoms in the structure and/or the type of carbonyl group they contain (aldose or ketose). Most monosaccharides contain at least one chiral carbon and can form stereoisomers. Enantiomers are a specific type of stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.
Which monosaccharides are isomers of glucose?
Glucose and galactose are stereoisomers (have atoms bonded together in the same order, but differently arranged in space). They differ in their stereochemistry at carbon 4. Fructose is a structural isomer of glucose and galactose (has the same atoms, but bonded together in a different order).
What is the structure of a monosaccharide sugar?
Monosaccharide Structure All monosaccharides have the same general formula of (CH2O)n, which designates a central carbon molecule bonded to two hydrogens and one oxygen. The oxygen will also bond to a hydrogen, creating a hydroxyl group.
What are the isomerism of sugar?
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharide isomers, which means they all have the same chemical formula but differ structurally and chemically. Sucrose (table sugar) is the most common disaccharide, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose.
What are the types of monosaccharides?
The common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What are 5 examples of monosaccharides?
Ernest Z. Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose.
What characteristics determine monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are classified according to three different characteristics: the position of the carbonyl group, the number of carbon atoms, and its chiral handedness. The monosaccharide is an aldose when the carbonyl group is an aldehyde (RCOH), but is a ketose when the carbonyl group is a ketone (RCO).