Table of Contents
- 1 What is in Proto Germanic?
- 2 What language came before Germanic?
- 3 Why do Proto-Germanic words end in AZ?
- 4 How was the Proto-Germanic grammar organized?
- 5 What are the three important branches of primitive Germanic?
- 6 How was the proto-Germanic grammar organized?
- 7 What is the Germanic parent language?
- 8 What is antantonsen’s theory of Proto-Germanic language?
What is in Proto Germanic?
Proto-Germanic (PGmc) is the reconstructed language from which the attested Germanic dialects developed; chief among these are Gothic (Go.) representing East Germanic, Old Norse (ON) representing North Germanic, and Old English (OE), Old Saxon (OS), and Old High German (OHG) representing West Germanic.
What language came before Germanic?
Once upon a time: Proto-Germanic Language Before we can even begin to talk about German, we have to travel to sometime between 1000 and 450 BCE, to when the First Germanic Sound Shift — or change in pronunciation — took place in the Indo-European proto-language (the “ancestor language” of related languages).
When was pre Proto Germanic spoken?
In historical linguistics, the Germanic parent language (GPL) includes the reconstructed languages in the Germanic group referred to as Pre-Germanic Indo-European (PreGmc), Early Proto-Germanic (EPGmc), and Late Proto-Germanic (LPGmc), spoken in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC.
Why do Proto-Germanic words end in AZ?
Many Proto-Germanic words are reconstructed with /z/ at the end because that is the regular masculine nominative singular ending, corresponding to /s/ in Latin and Greek.
How was the Proto-Germanic grammar organized?
Proto-Germanic had six cases, three genders, three numbers, three moods (indicative, subjunctive (PIE optative), imperative), and two voices (active and passive (PIE middle)). This is quite similar to the state of Latin, Greek, and Middle Indo-Aryan languages of c. 200 BC.
Which Germanic language is near proto-Germanic?
By analogy, we can say that the English dialect that is closest to Proto-Germanic is the English dialect that is closest to an earlier branch in the family tree. Or, put another way, the oldest dialect of English will be the closest to Proto-Germanic, and hence the “most Germanic” dialect of English.
What are the three important branches of primitive Germanic?
Scholars often divide the Germanic languages into three groups: West Germanic, including English, German, and Netherlandic (Dutch); North Germanic, including Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Faroese; and East Germanic, now extinct, comprising only Gothic and the languages of the Vandals, Burgundians, and a …
How was the proto-Germanic grammar organized?
What is Proto-Germanic?
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages . Proto-Germanic developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three branches during the first half of the first millennium of the Common Era: West Germanic,…
What is the Germanic parent language?
The alternative term ” Germanic parent language ” may be used to include a larger scope of linguistic developments, spanning the Nordic Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe (second to first millennia BC) to include “Pre-Germanic” (PreGmc), “Early Proto Germanic” (EPGmc) and “Late Proto-Germanic” (LPGmc).
What is antantonsen’s theory of Proto-Germanic language?
Antonsen’s own scheme divides Proto-Germanic into an early stage and a late stage. The early stage includes the stress fixation and resulting “spontaneous vowel-shifts” while the late stage is defined by ten complex rules governing changes of both vowels and consonants.
When did Proto-Indo-European begin and end?
Proto-Germanic is generally agreed to have begun about 500 BC. Its hypothetical ancestor between the end of Proto-Indo-European and 500 BC is termed Pre-Proto-Germanic. Whether it is to be included under a wider meaning of Proto-Germanic is a matter of usage.